aws certified solutions architect – associate practice tests

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QUESTION 1
A company runs an application in a branch office within a small data closet with no virtualized compute resources. The
application data is stored on an NFS volume. Compliance standards require a daily offsite backup of the NFS volume.
Which solution meet these requirements?
A. Install an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway on-premises to replicate the data to Amazon S3.
B. Install an AWS Storage Gateway file gateway hardware appliance on-premises to replicate the data to Amazon S3.
C. Install an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway with stored volumes on-premises to replicate the data to Amazon
S3.
D. Install an AWS Storage Gateway volume gateway with cached volumes on-premises to replicate the data to Amazon
S3.
Correct Answer: A
AWS Storage Gateway Hardware Appliance
Hardware Appliance
Storage Gateway is available as a hardware appliance, adding to the existing support for VMware ESXi, Microsoft
Hyper-V, and Amazon EC2. This means that you can now make use of Storage Gateway in situations where you do not
have a virtualized environment, server-class hardware or IT staff with the specialized skills that are needed to manage
them. You can order appliances from Amazon.com for delivery to branch offices, warehouses, and “outpost” offices
that lack dedicated IT resources. Setup (as you will see in a minute) is quick and easy, and gives you access to three
storage solutions:
File Gateway – A file interface to Amazon S3, accessible via NFS or SMB. The files are stored as S3 objects, allowing
you to make use of specialized S3 features such as lifecycle management and cross-region replication. You can trigger
AWS Lambda functions, run Amazon Athena queries, and use Amazon Macie to discover and classify sensitive data.
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/new-aws-storage-gateway-hardware-appliance/
https://aws.amazon.com/storagegateway/file/

QUESTION 2
A solutions architect is implementing a document review application using an Amazon S3 bucket for storage The solution must prevent accidental deletion of the documents and ensure that all versions of the documents are available
Users must be able to download, modify, and upload documents Which combination of actions should be taken to meet
these requirements\\’? (Select TWO )
A. Enable a read-only bucket ACL
B. Enable versioning on the bucket
C. Attach a 1 AM policy to the bucket
D. Enable MFA Delete on the bucket
E. Encrypt the bucket using AWS KMS
Correct Answer: BD
Object Versioning
Use Amazon S3 Versioning to keep multiple versions of an object in one bucket. For example, you could store myimage.jpg (version 111111) and my-image.jpg (version 222222) in a single bucket. S3 Versioning protects you from the
consequences of unintended overwrite and deletions. You can also use it to archive objects so that you have access to
previous versions.
To customize your data retention approach and control storage costs, use object versioning with Object lifecycle
management. For information about creating S3 Lifecycle policies using the AWS Management Console, see How Do I
Create a Lifecycle Policy for an S3 Bucket? in the Amazon Simple Storage Service Console User Guide.
If you have an object expiration lifecycle policy in your non-versioned bucket and you want to maintain the same
permanent delete behavior when you enable versioning, you must add a noncurrent expiration policy. The noncurrent
expiration lifecycle policy will manage the deletes of the noncurrent object versions in the version-enabled bucket. (A
version-enabled bucket maintains one current and zero or more noncurrent object versions.)
You must explicitly enable S3 Versioning on your bucket. By default, S3 Versioning is disabled. Regardless of whether
you have enabled Versioning, each object in your bucket has a version ID. If you have not enabled Versioning, Amazon
S3 sets the value of the version ID to null. If S3 Versioning is enabled, Amazon S3 assigns a version ID value for the
object. This value distinguishes it from other versions of the same key.
Enabling and suspending versioning is done at the bucket level. When you enable versioning on an existing bucket,
objects that are already stored in the bucket are unchanged. The version IDs (null), contents, and permissions remain
the same. After you enable S3 Versioning for a bucket, each object that is added to the bucket gets a version ID, which
distinguishes it from other versions of the same key.
Only Amazon S3 generates version IDs, and they can\\’t be edited. Version IDs are Unicode, UTF-8 encoded, URLready, opaque strings that are no more than 1,024 bytes long. The following is an example: 3/L4kqtJlcpXroDTDmJ
+rmSpXd3dIbrHY+MTRCxf3vjVBH40Nr8X8gdRQBpUMLUo.
Using MFA delete
If a bucket\\’s versioning configuration is MFA Delete–enabled, the bucket owner must include the x-amz-MFA request
header in requests to permanently delete an object version or change the versioning state of the bucket. Requests that
include x-amz-MFA must use HTTPS. The header\\’s value is the concatenation of your authentication device\\’s serial
number, space, and the authentication code displayed on it. If you do not include this request header, the request
fails.
Reference: https://aws.amazon.com/s3/features/
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ObjectVersioning.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingMFADelete.html

QUESTION 3
A company is looking for a solution that can store video archives in AWS from old news footage. The company needs to
minimize costs and will rarely need to restore these files. When the files are needed, they must be available in a
maximum of five minutes.
What is the MOST cost-effective solution?
A. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Glacier and use Expedited retrievals.
B. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Glacier and use Standard retrievals.
C. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA).
D. Store the video archives in Amazon S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA).
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 4
An application requires a development environment (DEV) and the production environment (PROD) for several years. The
DEV instances will run for 10 hours each day during normal business hours, while the PROD instances will run 24 hours
each day. A solutions architect needs to determine a compute instance purchase strategy to minimize costs.
Which solution is the MOST cost-effective?
A. DEV with Spot Instances and PROD with On-Demand Instances
B. DEV with On-Demand Instances and PROD with Spot Instances
C. DEV with Scheduled Reserved Instances and PROD with Reserved Instances
D. DEV with On-Demand Instances and PROD with Scheduled Reserved Instances
Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 5
A company runs a web service on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer The instances run in an
Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group across two Availability Zones The company needs a minimum of four instances at all
limes to meet the required service level agreement (SLA) while keeping costs low.
If an Availability Zone fails, how can the company remain compliant with the SLA?
A. Add a target tracking scaling policy with a short cooldown period
B. Change the Auto Scaling group launch configuration to use a larger instance type
C. Change the Auto Scaling group to use six servers across three Availability Zones
D. Change the Auto Scaling group to use eight servers across two Availability Zones
Correct Answer: D

QUESTION 6
A company has a two-tier application architecture that runs in public and private subnets Amazon EC2 instances
running the web application is in the public subnet and a database runs on the private subnet The web application
instances
and the database is running in a single Availability Zone (AZ).
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to provide high availability for this architecture? (Select
TWO.)
A. Create new public and private subnets in the same AZ for high availability
B. Create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group and Application Load Balancer spanning multiple AZs
C. Add the existing web application instances to an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer
D. Create new public and private subnets in a new AZ Create a database using Amazon EC2 in one AZ
E. Create new public and private subnets in the same VPC each in a new AZ Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS
multi-AZ deployment
Correct Answer: BE
You can take advantage of the safety and reliability of geographic redundancy by spanning your Auto Scaling group
across multiple Availability Zones within a Region and then attaching a load balancer to distribute incoming traffic
across
those zones. Incoming traffic is distributed equally across all Availability Zones enabled for your load balancer.
Note.
An Auto Scaling group can contain Amazon EC2 instances from multiple Availability Zones within the same region.
However, an Auto Scaling group can\\’t contain instances from multiple Regions. When one Availability Zone becomes
unhealthy or unavailable, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling launches new instances in an unaffected zone. When the
unhealthy Availability Zone returns to a healthy state, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling automatically redistributes the
application
instances evenly across all of the zones for your Auto Scaling group. Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling does this by attempting
to launch new instances in the Availability Zone with the fewest instances. If the attempt fails, however, Amazon EC2
Auto Scaling attempts to launch in other Availability Zones until it succeeds. You can expand the availability of your
scaled and load-balanced application by adding an Availability Zone to your Auto Scaling group and then enabling that
zone
for your load balancer. After you\\’ve enabled the new Availability Zone, the load balancer begins to route traffic equally
among all the enabled zones.
High Availability (Multi-AZ) for Amazon RDS
Amazon RDS provides high availability and failover support for DB instances using Multi-AZ deployments. Amazon RDS
uses several different technologies to provide failover support. Multi-AZ deployments for MariaDB, MySQL, Oracle, and
PostgreSQL DB instances use Amazon\\’s failover technology. SQL Server DB instances use SQL Server Database
Mirroring (DBM) or Always On Availability Groups (AGs). In a Multi-AZ deployment, Amazon RDS automatically
provisions
and maintains a synchronous standby replica in a different Availability Zone. The primary DB instance is synchronously
replicated across Availability Zones to a standby replica to provide data redundancy, eliminate I/O freezes, and
minimize
latency spikes during system backups. Running a DB instance with high availability can enhance availability during
planned system maintenance, and help protect your databases against DB instance failure and Availability Zone
disruption.
For more information on Availability Zones, see Regions, Availability Zones, and Local Zonesleads4pass saa-c02 practice test q6

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ec2/userguide/as-add-availability-zone.html
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.MultiAZ.html

QUESTION 7
A solutions architect is designing a multi-region disaster recovery solution for an application that will provide public API
access. The application will use Amazon EC2 instances with a user-data script to load application code and an Amazon
RDS for MySQL database The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is 3 hours and the Recovery Point Objective (RPO) is
24 hours. Which architecture would meet these requirements at the LOWEST cost?
A. Use an Application Load Balancer for Region failover Deploy new EC2 instances with the user data script Deploy
separate RDS instances in each Region
B. Use Amazon Route 53 for Region failover Deploy new EC2 instances with the user data script Create a read replica
of the RDS instance in a backup Region
C. Use Amazon API Gateway for the public APIs and Region failover Deploy new EC2 instances with the user data
script Create a MySQL read replica of the RDS instance in a backup Region
D. Use Amazon Route 53 for Region failover Deploy new EC2 instances with the user data scnpt for APIs and create a
snapshot of the RDS instance daily for a backup Replicate the snapshot to a backup Region
Correct Answer: C

QUESTION 8
A recent analysis of a company\\’s IT expenses highlights the need to reduce backup costs. The company\\’s chief
information officer wants to simplify the on-premises backup infrastructure and reduce costs by eliminating the use of
physical backup tapes. The company must preserve the existing investment in the on-premises backup applications and
workflows.
What should a solutions architect recommend?
A. Set up AWS Storage Gateway to connect with the backup applications using the NFS interface.
B. Set up an Amazon EFS file system that connects with the backup applications using the NFS interface
C. Set up an Amazon EFS file system that connects with the backup applications using the iSCSI interface
D. Set up AWS Storage Gateway to connect with the backup applications using the iSCSI-virtual tape library (VTL)
interface.
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 9
A company hosts its core network services, including directory services and DNS, in its promises data center. The
data center is connected to the AWS Cloud using AWS Direct Connect (DX). Additional AWS accounts are planned that
will require quick, cost-effective, and consistent access to these network services.
What should a solutions architect implement to meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational
overhead?
A. Create a DX connection in each new account. Route the network traffic to the on-premises servers.
B. Configure VPC endpoints in the DX VPC for all required services. Route the network traffic to the on-premises
servers.
C. Create a VPN connection between each new account and the DX VPC. Route the network traffic to the on-premises
servers.
D. Configure AWS Transit Gateway between the accounts. Assigns DX to the transit gateway and route network traffic
to the on-premises servers.
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 10
A web application runs on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer. The application allows users to
create custom reports of historical weather data. Generating a report can take up to 5 minutes. These long-running
requests use many of the available incoming connections, making the system unresponsive to other users.
How can a solutions architect make the system more responsive?
A. Use Amazon SQS with AWS Lambda to generate reports.
B. Increase the idle timeout on the Application Load Balancer to 5 minutes.
C. Update the client-side application code to increase its request timeout to 5 minutes.
D. Publish the reports to Amazon S3 and use Amazon CloudFront for downloading to the user.
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 11
A solutions architect is designing a solution to access a catalog of images and provide users with the ability to submit
requests to customize images Image customization parameters will be in any request sent to an AWS API Gateway API
The customized image will be generated on demand, and users will receive a link they can click to view or download
their customized image The solution must be highly available for viewing and customizing images What is the MOST
cost-effective solution to meet these requirements?
A. Use Amazon EC2 instances to manipulate the original image into the requested customization Store the original and
manipulated images in Amazon S3 Configure an Elastic Load Balancer in front of the EC2 instances
B. Use AWS Lambda to manipulate the original image to the requested customization Store the original and
manipulated images in Amazon S3 Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the S3 bucket as the origin
C. Use AWS Lambda to manipulate the original image to the requested customization Store the
D. Use Amazon EC2 instances to manipulate the original image into the requested customization Store the original
images in Amazon S3 and the manipulated images in Amazon DynamoDB Configure an Amazon CloudFront
distribution with the S3 bucket as the origin
Correct Answer: B
AWS Lambda is a compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. AWS Lambda
executes your code only when needed and scales automatically, from a few requests per day to thousands per second.
You pay only for the compute time you consume – there is no charge when your code is not running. With AWS
Lambda, you can run code for virtually any type of application or backend service – all with zero administration. AWS
Lambda runs your code on a high-availability compute infrastructure and performs all of the administration of the
compute resources, including server and operating system maintenance, capacity provisioning and automatic scaling,
code monitoring, and logging. All you need to do is supply your code in one of the languages that AWS Lambda
supports.
Storing your static content with S3 provides a lot of advantages. But to help optimize your application\\’s performance
and security while effectively managing cost, we recommend that you also set up Amazon CloudFront to work with your
S3 bucket to serve and protect the content. CloudFront is a content delivery network (CDN) service that delivers static
and dynamic web content, video streams, and APIs around the world, securely and at scale. By design, delivering data
out of CloudFront can be more cost-effective than delivering it from S3 directly to your users.
CloudFront serves content through a worldwide network of data centers called Edge Locations. Using edge servers to
cache and serve content improves performance by providing content closer to where viewers are located. CloudFront
has edge servers in locations all around the world.
Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/welcome.html https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/networkingand-content-delivery/amazon-s3-amazon-cloudfront-a-match-made-in-the-cloud/

QUESTION 12
A company must migrate 20 TB of data from a data center to the AWS Cloud within 30 days. The company\\’s network
bandwidth is limited to 15 Mbps and cannot exceed 70% utilization. What should a solutions architect do to meet these
requirements?
A. Use AWS Snowball.
B. Use AWS DataSync.
C. Use a secure VPN connection.
D. Use Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration.
Correct Answer: A

QUESTION 13
A company hosts an application used to upload files to an Amazon S3 bucket Once uploaded, the files are processed to
extract metadata, which takes less than 5 seconds. The volume and frequency of the uploads vanes from a few files
each hour to hundreds of concurrent uploads. The company has asked a solutions architect to design a cost-effective
architecture that will meet these requirements.
What should the solutions architect recommend?
A. Configure AWS CloudTrail trails to log S3 API calls Use AWS AppSync to process the files
B. Configure an object-created event notification within the S3 bucket to invoke an AWS Lambda function to process the
files.
C. Configure Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to process and send data to Amazon S3 Invoke an AWS Lambda function
to process the files
D. Configure an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic to process the files uploaded to Amazon S3.
Invoke an AWS Lambda function to process the files.
Correct Answer: D

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